Part of my research this semester focuses on legal issues arising from the re-use of social media assets such as photos, posts and videos. I’m developing guidelines for their re-use by several communities I care about: journalists, social media users and bloggers, as well as artists, publishers, businesses and, of course, lawyers, judges and other officers of our court system.
For journalists, these materials fall under the catch-all term “user-generated content,” or UGC. A great deal of my job on the engagement team at IndyStar.com revolved around sourcing, gathering and republishing such content. (Here’s an example of my work rounding up social media reaction to Indiana’s same-sex marriage ruling.)
A good example of the confusion that often surrounds whether and how to re-use photos in particular arises from an issue raised by Katie Hawkins-Gaar at Poynter.org about the nine-image Instagram mosaic used on the front page of the New York Times for Wednesday, Jan. 28, 2015.
Hawkins-Gaar, who previously led CNN’s iReport citizen-journalism program, pointed out in a blog post what she saw as a few missteps by the Times in their re-use of these photos. Most surprising to me: It appears that NYT never told these contributors theirs had made the cut for the website roundup, let alone gave them advance notice of being republished in print.
My first article for @Poynter! Instagrammers discover front-page @nytimes placement by chance: http://t.co/iPBsG6rmhd pic.twitter.com/Ibwzps2KqH
— Katie Hawkins-Gaar (@katiehawk) January 29, 2015
From her article:
Jeca Taudte, one of the Instagrammers featured, said the Times didn’t contact her prior to publishing her photo. “Another gracious Instagrammer [commented] on my photo, which alerted me to the fact that me submission had been selected for the online slideshow,” she said. It wasn’t until a Facebook friend posted a photo of the paper that Taude realized that her shot made it on the Times’ front page.
Right away, I thought: Engagement #fail! Part of the beauty of UGC is that you get users directly involved with your news site and your journalism brand. Soliciting their work and featuring it on your site creates an excitement and, in my view, a positive emotional bond that may be decisive when that subscription notice gets sent. But none of that happens if you don’t TELL them about it. Instead, I bet these Instagram users now have at best a residual bad taste at the Times’ discourtesy. Notice that this person described the Instagrammer who did notify her of the publication as “gracious.”
More alarming to me, however, was that the Times didn’t appear to specifically alert Instagram users to the possibility of print re-usage in their callout a few days earlier: “Share Your Instagram Photos From The Snowstorm.”
The New York Times would like to invite readers across the Northeast to share their experience with the snowstorm. We’d like to see your Instagram photos of the snow, as seen from your window. … And if you’d like to share a video, please tag it on Instagram using #NYTsnow. We are continuously featuring a selection of photos on our site this week.
Maybe it’s because I’m someone who knows a) what a big deal it is for your work to be featured in the New York Times print edition, let alone A1, and b) how much MONEY they routinely pay professionals for photographs published in print that I feel it was wrong of the Times not to explicitly state the possibility of print publication. The callout only points to the spot on the website where the editors’ favorites are being featured.
Not everyone agrees with me that the Instagram users should have been more explicitly advised of the possibility of print publication. On Twitter and on my Facebook thread, journalism blogger Jim Romenesko called this piece a dumb complaint. “The Times has long been a PRINT publication; do readers really have to be told that there’s a chance their submitted work will end up there? I don’t think so.”
But did Taudte submit the photo, or did they just grab it? There’s no use of the #NYTsnow tag on this photo on Instagram. That hashtag would be the marker I would look for on social media as a sign of consent for the photo to be collected and republished in the context of a UGC callout.
Essential blizzard prep: Move the boat. #Juno #nyc #vsconyc #VSCOcam
A photo posted by Jeca Taudte (@taudte) on
That leads me to my three general questions I always ask when wondering whether I can reuse UGC:
- Is it legal? If you ask users to submit photos through a form on your website, it is indeed hard to believe that the user doesn’t understand the publication arrangement he or she is entering into. You can also ask them to use the callout’s hashtag on the content to allow it to be discovered. Either method would give you evidence that the user took an action to consent to your re-use of the photos. Instagram and Twitter’s Terms of Service also allow you to publish these via use of their embed codes, as I’ve done in the two examples above.
- Is it ethical? This is where I think the Times’ action fell into a gray area. Publishing UGC is not just a great way to reflect the way our communities are living in real time. It’s also a big money-saver — contrast the cost of paying a freelance photographer or sending your staff photographer out for nine photos showing how New York reacted to the blizzard vs. the cost of asking people to donate you nine photos. If you get something valuable to you, you should also give something in return, even if it’s just a heads-up to be sure to buy a copy of the paper the next day.
- Is it just a good idea? Here’s where the Times really missed a chance to cement good will in the minds and hearts of nine photographers who may or may not be subscribers or even readers. They might still feel flattered by the A1 attention, but these Instagrammers often now could be mentally lumping the NYT in the category of photo thieves and other IG abusers. And think of all the people like me who heard about the surprise publication of these photos and had a negative reaction. Might this have a chilling effect on getting cooperation on user-generated content in the future?
What do you think? Leave a comment or join the thread on my Facebook page.